SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY

Spanish culture was greatly influenced by the Counter-Reformation. To prevent Protestan beliefs from spreading across the Iberian Peninsula, Felipe II impeded access to its doctrines in the following ways: 

- Spaniards were not allowed to study in other countries.

- Books printed outside the Peninsula were not allowed into the country.

Science in Spain progressed slowly because the new ideas and discoveries made in other countries took a long time to reach the Peninsula. Religion played a fundamental role in all works of art.

LITERATURE

The most famous religions authors were mystics who wrote about their spiritual experiences (Saint Teresa of Jesus and Saint John of the Cross).

Novels cointained realistic portrayals of daily life, such as The tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea, which is attributed to Fernando de Rojas, and Lazarillo de Tormes, by an unknown author.

Garcilaso de la Vega was the most important poet.

ART

The church and the monarchy used art to spread their ideas and values.

The most important works of art were depictions of religious themes and portraits. In the Spanish Renaissance there were two styles:

- Classicist, which strove for harmony and serenity and was influenced by Italian art and Flemish painting, although mythological themes and nudes were not portrayed.

- Mannerist, which dominated in the second half of the century. The works were expressive and had a dramatic quality. This was because the Counter-Reformation wished to evoke intense feelings in its followers and strengthen their religious beliefs.